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Filipino Practices Sample Essay & Outline

Filipino is an ethnic group of people who are natives of the islands of Philippines. This group of people has its basis in Tagalog. In addition, Filipino language is the official language of Philippines despite having only 55% of Filipinos speaking the language. Filipino society has a characteristic of having different cultures and as well beliefs. Traditional Filipino values influence beliefs and practices based upon child rearing, their medical care, disability among their members, and as well death. Their culture acts as a summation of indigenous forces and some foreign influences bearing upon the people. Their culture and development has different views. Some are:

Traditional concept where traditionalists in the culture hold that Filipino culture developed due to the interaction between their physical, intellectual, moral and as well their spiritual aspects. Under this concept, there is an assumption that there is an underlying root of unity. The unity is responsible for holding their cultural beliefs together behind their divergent culture as seen in their ways of life.

Another concept describing their culture is cultural dualism. Under this concept, it maintains that the group of people is a transitional society dominated by traditional culture and as well modern culture. Values and norms from the two cultures oppose each other and later lead to conflicts in the lives of the society members. Due to these conflicts resulting from foreign interaction, Filipinos engage themselves into a selective integration where they modify the foreign influences to be similar with their distinct Filipino culture.

Filipino, as a religious based culture, have many beliefs based on some supernatural powers. On the other hand, they have a belief that they are the only speck in the universe. Their beliefs on supernatural powers is responsible for their belief and trust in prayers rather than their individual hard work. On the other hand, they consider success as a blessing. More so, they have a strong link between healing and their cultural practices. The paper is an annotated bibliography highlighting some relevant sources while discussing the healing beliefs and practices of the Filipinos.

Goody, C. M., Drago, L., American Dietetic Association., & American Dietetic Association. (2010). Cultural food practices. Chicago, Ill: American Dietetic Association.

The author of the book makes a description of the beliefs used by the Filipinos while responding to their upcoming challenges and as well while interrelating in the society. In his description, he states the geographical setting of Philippine (region occupied by the Filipino) and states that it has three division of its geographic region that are Luzon, Viyasas and as well Mindanao. In their description, the authors of the book highlights the different traditional foods found in these regions.

They state the traditional foods as; rice, pork, chicken adobo, fish and as well panakbet (mixed vegetables). According to the description made by the authors, Filipinos have a different method of preparing their meals. More so, their daily diet faces a direct influence from their cultural beliefs. The authors describe that the Filipinos eat rice daily. This is because they have a belief that it gives them energy. On the other hand, garlic and onions, used in the diet, play a role in their bodies by thinning their blood and as well lowering their blood pressure. Despite the precautionary methods used, they also belief that eating guava shoots treats diarrhoea. This is a useful source in the paper as it gives a description of the Filipino’s beliefs based upon on their traditional foods.

Apostol, V. M. (2010). Way of the ancient healer: Sacred teachings from the Philippine ancestral traditions. Berkeley, Calif: North Atlantic Books.

In this book, the author describes different beliefs and methods adopted by the Filipinos while responding to their illness. According to the book, there are different beliefs on the causes of illness. Among the Filipinos, some illness are natural such as poor diet, excessive drinking, and accidents and as well infections. On the other hand, some illness results from spiritual and moral imbalances. Some diseases experienced are because of evil thoughts against the dead.

In their society, some people have the ability to cast spells that cause illness (example being the Manga-ga-gas). In his argument, the author describes that dealing with those natural illnesses involved natural methods such as reliance on natural foods such as foods rich in fats believed to protect them from cold. On the other hand, illness resulting from evil spirits involved spiritual healers and as well massage healers. This is a relevant source in a research paper as it gives a description of different methods used while dealing with different classes of illness among the Filipinos.

Lieban, R. W. (1967). Cebuano sorcery; malign magic in the Philippines. Berkeley: University of California Press.

The author of the book engages the reader in an argumentative description of the Philippines especially the Filipinos. In his argument, he describes some aspects of their healing beliefs and practices adopted on patients suffering from different illnesses. He describes that in the Filipino’s society, there are people who play a role of healing. On the other hand, he describes that healing has a basis on the supernatural powers. People such as Man-ga-gas and Hilot play the role of healing among the Filipino. Healing through this people is through prayers, body massage, manipulation, and as well herbal medicines. The author in his description highlights the different roles played by body massagers and as well healers making the source relevant in the research paper.

Morley, P., & Wallis, R. (1979). Culture and curing: Anthropological perspectives on traditional medical beliefs and practices. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.

The authors of the book describes different traditional methods of healing used by the Filipino. They state that among them are some Chinese oils or ointments. These oils and ointments, mostly used by the massagers play a role of relaxing, heating and in other instances comforting the muscles. This method of using ointments highly bring a sense of relief to people suffering from dizziness, cold, headaches and as well sore throats. More so, they describes that other techniques such as ventosa played a role in treating joint pains. Use of oils and ointments is a home remedy to illness and a healing technique used by Filipinos. This is a reliable source in a research paper of healing beliefs and practices used by the Filipinos.

Shimabukuro, K. P., Daniels, J., & D'Andrea, M. (October 01, 1999). Addressing Spiritual Issues From a Cultural Perspective: The Case of the Grieving Filipino Boy. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 27, 4, 221-239.

In their argument, the authors describe that method used for dealing with any illness was dependent on its seriousness. They describe that among the Filipino, serious illnesses gave the victims a warranty of seeking help from their healers. They state that healers used different methods of treating these illnesses including herbs and roots. Despite the use of roots and herbs, the authors state that healers in this context possess a God given gift that helps them deal with these illnesses. In the society, people respected and trusted these healers for the immediate help they gave them. In this book, reliance on healers and supernatural powers of healing are a significant technique of dealing with different illness conditions suffered by the Filipinos. This source is helpful in a research paper on beliefs and practices of healing among the Filipinos.

Henderson, G., & Primeaux, M. (1981). Transcultural health care. Menlo Park, Calif: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co., Medical/Nursing Division.

In their argument, the authors of the book give a combined approach towards healing practices and methods used by the Filipinos. They state that some foods played a great role in the maintenance of the society health. Example, they highlight that milk and dairy products are important in the diet as they offer clients with calcium that is important in maintaining the body health. On the other, they highlight on some ritual used in responding to illness in the society.

Blessing the body with holy water, use of anointing oil and as well laying hands are some of the common methods used while dealing with illness in the society. These methods relied on supernatural powers and faith. As the authors state it, when the healer lays hands on the victim, it appears as he is transferring the healing power to the victim. This is an important source in the research paper as it gives a description of the different healing methods used by healers in the Filipino’s society.

Silva-Netto, B. R. (1988). Culture, personality, and mental health: An ethnographic study of Filipino immigrant families.

According to the author of the book, immigrant families in other regions other than their homeland displayed different methods of responding to their illness. The author believes that the displayed response to illness is because of their cultural belief and as well practices adopted in their culture. He states that among the Filipinos, women played a great role in the healing process.

On the other hand, he states that some healing techniques used by the Filipinos used prayer, chanting and as well sacrifices. He describes the healing process by a healer where he states that the environment surrounding the healer resembled a pure surrounding. On the other hand, he states that symbol of purity had a close association with the environmental ghosts and as well spirits. The source is useful in the research paper as it gives a description of the healing methods used by the immigrants linked with their cultural beliefs.

Purnell, L. D., & Paulanka, B. J. (1998). Transcultural health care: A culturally competent approach. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis.

In this book, the authors give a cultural view of the Filipinos. In their arguments, they state different methods under a faith context used by the Filipino. In the healing belief, the author state that the most dramatic form of faith healing is psychic surgery. This practice of healing involved insertion of the healer’s fingers into the patient’s body and later the removal of tissues. The author surprisingly describe this healing practice stating that after the insertion, the incision left the closing without a scar. This is a cultural belief practiced by Filipinos while responding to different illnesses in their society. This is a relevant source in the paper as it gives clear description of the healing mechanisms used by the Filipinos based on their culture.

United States. (2003). Health care of Filipino World War II veterans within the Department of Veterans Affairs: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Health of the Committee on Veterans' Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventh Congress, second session, June 13, 2002. Washington: U.S. G.P.O.

In this book, there is a description made on the healing mechanism used by the Filipinos. The book describes the faith healing mechanism based on the Filipino’s beliefs. Under faith healing mechanism, the authors state that the Filipinos believed on healing of a physical illness using others supernatural means based on the individual’s faith and trust on the supernatural powers. A requisite to this method of healing was belief on healers in their society. The authors state that this method did not have a physical link between with ailment. This source is relevant in the research paper as it gives clear description on the reliance on faith as a source of healing among the Filipinos.

Root, M. P. P. (1997). Filipino Americans: Transformation and identity. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications.

In this book, the author describes the Filipinos society as complete and dynamic. This is due to the foreign interference the society faces from other cultures. He states that there are different beliefs held by the individuals within this society. On the other hand, he continues to describe that Filipinos are reluctant in adapting to new cultures and therefore are able to hold onto their old cultures. This is in the healing methods and practices and as well their healing beliefs. He states that many Filipinos believe that wearing amulet provides them protection from evil people such as witches. In the society, they consider witches to have powers of causing some illnesses due to their evil spirits. This source is relevant in the paper as it gives a description of the cultural identity of the Filipino where it gives a description of their beliefs.

Purnell, L. D., & Paulanka, B. J. (2005). Guide to culturally competent health care. Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis Co.

The authors of the book give a description of a cultural view of health care as used by the Filipinos. Their approach covers a wide view as they highlight different healers involved in the society. On the other hand, they highlight on some healing beliefs and practices used by the Filipinos. The book reveals a manual medicine called Ablon used by healers while rendering their help to their victims. In addition, in the book, there is an aspect of faith healing when the authors state on reliance on supernatural methods of healing. On the other hand, the authors highlight that this is a rich community in that its religion plays a role in healing. This source is relevant in the research paper as it gives information on the culture, religion and as well healing beliefs and practices among the Filipinos.

References

Goody, C. M., Drago, L., American Dietetic Association., & American Dietetic Association. (2010). Cultural food practices. Chicago, Ill: American Dietetic Association.
Apostol, V. M. (2010). Way of the ancient healer: Sacred teachings from the Philippine ancestral traditions. Berkeley, Calif: North Atlantic Books.
Lieban, R. W. (1967). Cebuano sorcery; malign magic in the Philippines. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Morley, P., & Wallis, R. (1979). Culture and curing: Anthropological perspectives on traditional medical beliefs and practices. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press
Shimabukuro, K. P., Daniels, J., & D'Andrea, M. (October 01, 1999). Addressing Spiritual Issues From a Cultural Perspective: The Case of the Grieving Filipino Boy. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 27, 4, 221-239.
Henderson, G., & Primeaux, M. (1981). Transcultural health care. Menlo Park, Calif: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co., Medical/Nursing Division.
Silva-Netto, B. R. (1988). Culture, personality, and mental health: An ethnographic study of Filipino immigrant families.
Purnell, L. D., & Paulanka, B. J. (1998). Transcultural health care: A culturally competent approach. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis.
United States. (2003). Health care of Filipino World War II veterans within the Department of Veterans Affairs: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Health of the Committee on Veterans' Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventh Congress, second session, June 13, 2002. Washington: U.S. G.P.O.
Root, M. P. P. (1997). Filipino Americans: Transformation and identity. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications.
Purnell, L. D., & Paulanka, B. J. (2005). Guide to culturally competent health care. Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis Co.